Wow - not an easy one to answer because musical instuments are very subjective - everyone likes their own models. Anyway lets have try;
>1. Good Price range for a Good guitar
I would say try a few in a price range you are happy to pay for one. My son's cost about £200
>2. What's the difference between Maple and Rosewood/which one is better
Neither is better than the other it is just down to looks. Some players believe that different types of wood give a different sound when played, and there is some pseudo-science fact behind this but it does not seem to be measurable.
>3. I'm looking for a Fender Guitar most likely (Teacher recomended) anyone have any suggestions on which one? (specific please)
My son's is a Peavey millenium 4 AC BXP and it is an acitve bass and requires a battery in it for the active elements.
>4. What should you buy when your buying your first Bass Guitar (ex. amplifier, pick..what else?)
Bass, couple of sets of strings of different weights, pick, decent Bass amp, Case, strap, two fresh 9 volt batteries and insurance in case the kit gets stolen or damaged in a drunken brawl whilst at a gig.
>5. Difference between Jazz and Precision
Do a search on www.wikipedia.org for Jazz Bass and Precision Bass and all will be explained.
>6. What to look for when buying a Bass Guitar
An instrument that you like the sound of and one that feels good to play. The action is important otherwise your fingers get tired and if you are learning to play the poor action may cause you to give it up learning to play. Again look at wikipedia for the info on guitar action.
Hope this helps a little. Good luck.